Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using oncoplastic techniques in breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 139 patients with stage I–II breast cancer undergoing oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery from August 2011 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The long-term outcomes of these patients were also compared with those of 1 271 patients with stage I–II breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy during the same period. Results: Of the 139 patients, 133 cases underwent breast-conserving surgery with volume displacement technique (local breast tissue flap advancement reconstruction), of whom 45 cases had synchronous contralateral reduction mammoplasty, and 6 cases received breast-conserving surgery with volume replacement technique (autologous tissue transplantation reconstruction); 78 cases underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and 61 cases received axillary lymph node dissection. The weight of resected tissue ranged from 30 to 187 g with average weight of 69.5 g. The cosmetic results were determined as excellent in 79 patients, good in 47 patients, ordinary in 10 patients and poor in 3 patients. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 3 to 63 months with an average of 28.2 months. In patients undergoing oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery, the 2-year local recurrence rate (4.3% vs. 4.1%), overall survival rate (95.7% vs. 95.5%) and disease free survival rate (85.6% vs. 85.3%) showed no significant difference with those in patients subjected to modified radical mastectomy (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Breast-conserving surgery with oncoplastic techniques for early breast cancer offers good oncological safety, satisfactory cosmetic results and long-term outcome similar to modified radical mastectomy. Appropriate selection of patients and oncoplastic procedures are critical for achieving optimal postoperative results in oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery.