Many studies demonstrated that the growth and proliferation of malignant tumors are closely associated with the activation of kinases. Therefore, targeted inhibition of the activation of kinases could be an effective anti-cancer method. ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and it has recently been found to harbor rearrangements in a variety of human cancers such as glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cholangiocarcinoma, gastricadenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and angiosarcoma. The constitutive activation of ROS1 fusion proteins can drive cell proliferation, and induce cell malignant transformation, migration and invasion. Recent study found that crizotinib, an inhibitor targeting ROS1 fusion proteins, had significant therapeutic effect on NSCLC patients with positive ROS1 rearrangement. Thus, further understanding the expression and mechanism of ROS1 fusion gene have important significance.