Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RCS) and laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS). Methods: After systematic retrieval in literature databases, the eligible literature of studies was screened out according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.2. Results: A total of 9 studies involving 879 patients were finally included, with 416 cases in RCS group and 463 cases in LCS group. Results of Meta-analysis showed that in RCS group compared with LCS group, the operative time (WMD=65.06, 95% CI=37.14–92.99) was significantly prolonged, but no significant difference was noted in terms of intraoperative blood loss (WMD=–11.55, 95% CI=–32.31–9.21), pain score at postoperative 24 h (WMD=–0.08, 95% CI=–0.55–0.39), time to first flatus (WMD=–0.04, 95% CI=–0.21–0.13), time to first food intake (WMD=–0.08, 95% CI=–0.41–0.25), length of hospitalization (WMD=–0.67, 95% CI=–1.50–0.17), conversion rate (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.21–1.75) and incidence of complications (OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.67–1.60) (all P>0.05). Conclusion: RCS has similar safety and effectiveness as LCS, and has advantages of clearer and greater stereo operation field, better operational flexibility and alleviating surgeons’ physiological fatigue. So it deserves to be used in clinical practice.