Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. Methods: The data of patients undergoing gallbladder surgery from January 2003 to December 2013 were retrieved from the medical record database in Peking University People’s Hospital to pick up the pathologically confirmed cases of gallbladder adenomyomatosis, and then, the correct diagnostic rate of different imaging examinations, surgical procedures and results were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 6 336 patients undergoing gallbladder surgery, 205 cases (3.2%) were pathologically diagnosed as adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder, of whom 195 cases (95.1%) were accompanied with cholecystitis and 150 cases (73.2%) were complicated with gallbladder stones. The correct diagnostic rate of ultrasonography, CT and MRI was 16.2%, 26.5% and 43.8%, respectively. Of the lesions, the localized type accounted for the majority, which was found in 164 cases (80.0%), and the diffuse and segmental types were relatively infrequent, which was seen 16 (7.8%) and 25 cases (12.2%), respectively. Of the patients, 178 cases underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 24 cases were subjected to open cholecystectomy, and no complications such as bile duct injury occurred; 3 cases received partial cholecystectomy. At follow-up one year after operation, no residual lesion or recurrence was noted. Conclusion: Gallbladder adenomyomatosis is often combined with cholecystitis and gallbladder stones, and is likely to be undiagnosed. For cases with localized lesion in the base of the gallbladder, laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy can be considered as a treatment option.