Objective: To determine the risk factors for complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: The clinical data of 312 patients undergoing LC from September 2012 to September 2014 were collected. The occurrence of complications and the related risk factors were analyzed. Results: Complications occurred in a total of 81 patients (25.96%), which included rupture of gallbladder in 22 cases (7.05%), abdominal hemorrhage in 28 cases (8.97%), injury of hepatic artery in 17 cases (5.45%) and biliary fistula in 14 cases (4.48%). Univariate analysis showed that adhesions in Calot’s triangle, anatomic variations, acute stage of disease, use of electrocautery in dissection of Calot’s triangle and gallbladder wall thickness (>5 mm) were related to the occurrence of complications of LC (all P<0.05); multivariate analysis identified that adhesions in Calot’s triangle (OR=3.466, 95% CI=1.432-8.389), regional anatomic variations (OR=1.988, 95% CI=1.237-3.194) and use of electrocautery in dissection of Calot’s triangle (OR=1.089, 95% CI=1.015-1.168) were independent risk factors for complications of LC (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative evaluation should be performed thoroughly to identify the risk factors in patients undergoing LC, and use of electrocautery in dissection of Calot’s triangle should be avoided, so as to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.