Objective: To investigate the present status of diagnosis and treatment for thyroid microcarcinoma (TMC), and provide clinical basis for standardization of surgical procedure selection. Methods: The clinical data of 28 TMC patients confirmed by surgical and pathological findings from February 2013 to February 2015 were reviewed, and the diagnosis, surgical method and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results: Of the 28 TMC patients, all cases were detected with lesions by preoperative color Doppler ultrasound evaluation, 15 cases underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and diagnosis was made in 4 cases (26.7%), 27 cases (96.4%) were diagnosed by intraoperative frozen section, and one case (3.6%) was confirmed by postoperative pathology. All patients received surgical treatment that included total thyroidectomy in 8 cases (28.6%), subtotal thyroidectomy in 7 cases (25.0%), ipsilateral thyroidectomy plus isthmectomy in 10 cases (35.7%), and thyroid lobectomy in 3 cases (10.7%). All patients were followed up, and no recurrence, metastasis or death occurred. Conclusion: The detection rate of TMC shows an increasing trend, and currently, preoperative definite diagnosis is still difficult and surgery is the main treatment method. How to improve the preoperative detection rate and standardized surgical treatment is imperative.