Most pancreatic pseudocysts (PPCs) are local complications after acute or chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma, and are collections of leaked pancreatic fluids and enzymes gathering in the adjacent pancreatic space and enclosed by a wall of fibrous and granulation tissue with no epithelium lining. Although the sterile, asymptomatic and small (<6 cm) PPCs usually can be treated conservatively by diet control, nutritional support and medication, surgical treatments are still the main solution. With the development and wide application of the high resolution imaging devices as well as the interventional procedures guided by the former, the diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic pseudocysts has been improved, the treatment methods have evolved from open surgery to diversification strategies, and the treatment efficacy and safety have been raised in recent years. In this paper, the authors address the research progress of PPCs based on recent literature review.